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...gold, silver, and some precious stones.  The different units are drams (drs.), ounces (oz.), pounds (lbs.), quarters (qrs.) hundredweights (cwts.), tons (tons) and they are connected thus:

16 Drams... make 1 Ounce... 1 oz.
16 Ounces... 1 Pound... 1 lb.
25 Pounds... 1 Quarter... 1 qr.
4 Quarters... 1 Hundredweight... 1 cwt.
20 Hundredweights... 1 Ton... 1 Ton.

In general, 1 Stone (st.)=14 lbs. Avoirdupois, but for butcher's meat or fish, 1 Stone=8 lbs.; 1 Firkin of butter=56 lbs.; 1 Fodder of lead=19 1/2 cwt.; 1 Great Pound of Silk=24 ounces.; 1 Pack of Wool=240 lbs.

1 lb. Avoirdupois weighs 7000 grains Troy;
1 lb. Troy weighs 5760 grains Troy.

Measures of Length
Table of Lineal Measure

59. In this measure, which is used to measure distances, lengths, breadths, heights, depths, and the like of places or things:

8 Barley-corns (in length) make 1 inch, which is written 1 in.
12 Inches... 1 Foot... 1 ft.
3 Feet... 1 Yard... 1 yd.
6 Feet... 1 Fathom... 1 fth.
5 1/2 Yards... 1 Rod, Pole, or Perch... 1 po.
40 Poles (220 Yards)... 1 Furlong... 1 fur.
8 Furlongs... 1 Mile... 1 m.
3 Miles... 1 League... 1 lea.
69 1/9 Miles... 1 Degree... 1 deg.

Note. A grain of barley, or a barley-corn, is supposed to have been the original element of Lineal Measure.

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Tables - Length

The following measurements may be added, as useful in certain cases:

4 inches make one hand (used in measuring horses)
22 yards make one chain and 100 links make one chain (used in measuring land)
a Palm=3 inches, a Span=9 inches, a Cubit=18 inches
a Pace=5 feet, 1 Geographical Mile=1/60th of a degree
a Line=1/12th of an inch

Tables of Cloth Measure

60. In this measure, which is used by linen and woolen drapers:

2 1/4 Inches make 1 Nail.
4 Nails... 1 Quarter... 1 qr.
4 Quarters... 1 Yard... 1 yd.
5 Quarters... 1 English Ell.
6 Quarters... 1 French Ell.
3 Quarters...1 Flemish Ell.

Measures of Surface

Table of Square Measure

81. This measure is used to measure all kinds of surfaces or superfices, such as land, paving, flooring, in fact everything in which length and breadth are to be taken into account.

A Square is a four-sided figure whose sides are equal, each side being perpendicular to the adjacent sides.  See figure below.

A square inch is a square, each of whose sides is an inch in length; a square yard is a square, each of whose sides is a yard in length.

144 Square Inches make 1 Square Foot... 1 sq. ft. or 1 ft.
9 Square Feet... 1 Square Yard... 1 sq. yd. or 1 yd.
30 1/4 Square Yards... 1 Square Pole... 1 sq. po. or 1 po.
40 Square Poles... 1 Square Rood... 1 ro.
4 Roods... 1 Acre... 1 ac.